Articles Posted in Driver License Restoration

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License Revocations and Appeals to the OHAO

I wanted to use this post as a forum to reflect on my vast experience handling driver license appeals with the Michigan  Department of State, Office of Hearings and Administrative Oversight (OHAO). The OHAO was formerly called the Driver License Appeal Division or DLAD. The OHAO or DLAD is the place that you go when you are eligible for a driver license restoration hearing.

A person that is classified as a habitual drunk driver or has a felony conviction involving a motor vehicle faces indefinite license revocation. Indefinite license revocations are imposed for the following scenarios:

  • 2 or more offenses for operating under the influence (drugs or alcohol) within 7 years.
  • 3 or more offenses for operating under the influence (drugs or alcohol) within 10 years.
  • A conviction for operating under the influence causing a serious personal injury.
  • A conviction for operating under the influence causing death.
  • A felony conviction which results in license revocation.

Appealing a license revocation: Evidence MUST be consistent!

There is a long list of evidence that is required and must be submitted before a client can get an OHAO hearing:

  • Form 258: Current substance abuse evaluation.
  • Form 257: Petitioner’s background.
  • Drug Screen: 12 panel drug test with at least two integrity variables.
  • Three to six community support letters (we may ask for more), preferred to be from a cross section of individuals (family, co-workers, friends, neighbors).
  • Doctor’s letter may be required depending upon medical history and current use of certain prescribed drugs.
  • DI4P: Physician’s Statement if a medical situation has caused impairment, loss of consciousness or could affect safe driving.
  • Optional: Evidence of attendance at support meetings, counseling, AA.
  • Optional: Other positive documentation such as completion of probation, Sobriety Court, etc.

Link to forms 257 and 258, license appeal hearing

Hiring an attorney that knows the OHAO process should be your first priority if you are thinking about a license appeal. The license restoration process is very particular and specialized. Just because you waited several years for a hearing, went to jail or need a license to work does not mean that you will win your hearing. You must present consistent credible evidence for your licensee restoration hearing. With certain hearing officers, your evidence muse be almost perfect or you can risk losing your hearing! Unfortunately, the standards set forth regarding the evidence are not entirely objective and are not always applied fairly.

You will lose your hearing if your evidence does not prove that you are likely to remain sober. You must be able to c0mmunicate your case to the OHAO with supportive evidence that you understand your duty to protect the public and that it is never acceptable to operate a vehicle under the influence of alcohol or drugs, An experienced OHAO practitioner can increase your chances of winning an OHAO hearing by and prepare you for your evaluation. The following are examples of just a few ways that you can lose your OHAO hearing:

  • Inconsistent sobriety dates for alcohol and drugs.
  • Failure to mention all prior criminal offenses involving alcohol or drugs.
  • Failure to maintain unbroken sobriety.
  • Failure to obtain a doctor’s letter if you are taking certain medications for sleep, pain or psychological reasons.
  • Substance abuse evaluation (form 258) is not complete, does not cover all substances used or has a marginal prognosis.

Getting you ready for your hearing

In the aftermath of Covid-19, OHAO hearings are now held remotely via Microsoft Teams.

Oftentimes we represent clients who have already attempted a hearing without the help of counsel. Even though they have winning cases, they lose simply because they did not know how to present their case to the OHAO. An individual that appears before the OHAO must be able to testify as to their past and also as to their present and future behavior. A person’s background regarding use of alcohol and drugs is scrutinized because the State of Michigan owes a huge responsibility to the drivers of Michigan, and the burden is on the petitioner to show they are again worthy of the privilege of driving.

Proceedings before the OHAO are very unique. First, most clients are surprised to hear that they are not adversarial, per se. Additionally, most are not aware that the hearing officer is going to ask probing and invasive questions about their substance abuse history. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, many people do not realize there is a RIGHT way to approach these hearings and answer the questions.

That being said, our office has developed a paradigm for approaching all cases. From our first consultation we explain to clients the strengths and weaknesses of their case, and give an honest assessment of if the matter is worth pursuing. Our track record with these types of cases is very good, we generally win. We know how to win and what is expected because our lawyers have appeared before each OHAO officer as much as any other attorney in the State of Michigan.

Winning your license restoration hearing

When you win your license restoration hearing after serving a mandatory period of revocation, you will be allowed to drive with some restrictions and requirements. At the very least, the OHAO will require the installation of a Breath Alcohol Ignition Interlock Device (BAIID). In addition, the petitioner will only be allowed to drive for designated purposes, such as employment, or for designated days and hours.

After successfully abiding by the restrictions and requirements for a period of at least one (1) year, the individual may file an appeal to the OHAO for a FULL RESTORATION OF LICENSE. The same documentation (form 257, form 258, character letters, etc.) must be supplied to the OHAO, along with a current BAIID report, before a full license restoration hearing can be scheduled.,

The Breath Alcohol Ignition Interlock Device (BAIID)

In Michigan, you are considered a habitual drunk driver if:

  • Two or more DUI convictions within 7 years.
  • Three or more DUI convictions within 10 years.

Habitual offenders that are able to get their license restored will be allowed to operate a vehicle that has a BAIID device installed. As we have discussed, a person that has multiple driving under the influence convictions will not be eligible to appeal for a license until the minimum revocation period has been served. After serving the minimum revocation period, the party is required to prove his or her case before the OHAO. If you are well prepared and your evidence is consistent, you can expect to win your hearing and be granted a restricted license with the BAIID device.

A BAIID is a technical device that measures a person’s bodily alcohol content (BAC) and is connected with a motor vehicle’s ignition and other control systems. The BAIID keeps the vehicle from starting if the BAC is .025 or higher. The BAIID also includes a camera which records an image of the individual providing the sample. The device will also require random rolling retests while the person is driving the vehicle.

If there are alcohol readings or other BAIID violations after the device is installed, they will be reported to the Secretary of State as violations. If the BAIID has a false positive violation for alcohol, we strongly urge you to find a location as soon as you can to provide a breath sample that will nullify the false reading. You should also keep a notebook in the vehicle and write down anything to support your case should you be improperly violated.

BAIID VIOLATIONSBAIID violations are classified as “minor” and “major” violations:

Major Violations:

  • Rolling retest violation: Failing to take the retest when prompted by the BAIID; or the random retest detects a BAC of .025 or higher, and there is no sample with a BAC of less than .025 within 5 minutes.
  • An arrest or conviction for drunk and/or drugged driving.
  • Tampering or circumventing with the BAIID.
  • Three minor violations within a monitoring period.
  • Removing the BAIID without having another device installed within 7 days.
  • Operating a vehicle without a properly installed BAIID.

VIOLATION CONSEQUENCES: Minor violations will result in a 3-month BAIID extension. Major violations will result in the immediate reinstatement of your original driver’s license revocation/denial. You may appeal that action to the Office of Hearings and Administrative Oversight within 14 days and should consult with a lawyer if you find yourself in this position.

Go for the win the first time!

We take the time to learn each client’s unique case history and work on tailoring each case to that individual’s circumstances. We believe in each client’s cause and fight aggressively to get petitioners back on the road. Our office has a strong record of winning cases like this. We have a proven formula that gets results.

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In Michigan, a common sanction by both the courts and the Secretary of State is the required installation of an interlock ignition device on the defendant’s (or petitioner’s) automobile. Colloquially referred to as a ‘blow and go’, these devices can be a tremendous headache for those required to install them. In our experience, there are a number of situations where these devices are compelled to be installed on our clients’ vehicles. These scenarios include;

– A ‘superdrunk’ conviction,
– Certain drunk driving convictions with aggravating circumstances,
– As a mandatory condition of a restricted license upon a successful license appeal,
– And certain crimes which may have resulted from an underlying drinking problem.

1) What is an interlock ignition device?

The cell-phone sized device is installed so it connects to an automobile’s ignition system, usually inside of the glove compartment. After installation, the driver is must blow into the device before the car will start.

2) Where can these devices be installed and how much do they cost?

Many locations in Southeast Michigan offer install services for the ignition interlock device:

American Interlock 800.580.0504 Michigan Interlock, LLC 888.786.7384 National Interlock Service 888.294.7002
New Horizon Interlock, Inc 800.597.5054 Smart Start Michigan 888.234.0198
Prices vary from company to company, but range from $50 to $200, based upon the make and model of the car. The device also holds a monthly rental fee, which can be as high as $100.00.

3) How do these devices work?

According to igntioninterlockdevice.org, the driver blows about 1.5 litres of air into the device, which is located on the car’s dashboard. Drivers can also be subjected to “rolling tests”, which require the driver to use the device once the car is moving. If the driver fails one of these “rolling tests” the device sounds a warning, which may consist of flashing lights or honking horn and will sound until the ignition is turned off (the ignition will not automatically shut off while moving). Each device contains a computer chip, which requires monthly downloads. The information is sent to the overseeing court and analyzed for blood alcohol content levels as well as attempts at tampering with the device.

4) When required by the State in a driver’s license restoration case, what will result in a violation?

The State of Michigan has divided violations into two main categories:

Minor Violations

-After the trial period, the driver fails three start-up tests (car will not start)
-If the driver fails to have the device serviced within 7 days of his/her scheduled date
Major Violations

-Failure of a “rolling test”, which is either failing to take the test when prompted or the result is greater than 0.25% and a subsequent sample is greater than 0.25%
-An arrest or conviction for drunk/drugged driving -Tampering with the Blood Alcohol Ignition Interlocking Device -Circumventing the device, by allowing a passenger to blow into the device -Three minor violations within the monitoring time (required time for device to be installed)
-Removing the device without having it re-installed within 7 days (unless Secretary of State approves)
-Operating a vehicle without a properly installed device
In the State of Michigan, a minor violation will result in a three-month extension before another driving license appeal can be requested. Major violations will cause the original driver’s license revocation to be immediately reinstated, which means the driver will no longer be able to operate any vehicle, even with an ignition interlock device installed.

5) Are these devices reliable?

Despite widespread implementation of ignition interlock devices many have doubts as to their reliability. Significant issues arise out of false positive results, which could be caused be a number of daily-use products. They include mouthwash (because of its minimal alcohol content), some medicines, and even some beverages.
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If you spend enough time in the back of a court room you will hear a few common explanations for positive drug and alcohol tests. Often when faced with a probation violation (or show cause while on bond, or if you are appealing to get your license back) defendants/petitioners will attempt to offer an innocent reason for their positive test. What defendants often do not know, that practicing attorneys do, is that Judges have heard it all. While our strategy varies from case to case – we advise that our clients NEVER* to use the following explanations when standing in judgment. Probation violation hearings are oftentimes much more serious than the underlying charge, as the Court will view the defendant as somebody who has been unable to prove themselves. Further, the sentencing Judge has the authority to sentence defendants to the maximum term of incarceration for the underlying charge. Beneath are some common excuses that come up in court. I’ve done some basic research into each of these explanations to see if they are at all supported by science, unfortunately it seems that they are not.

Excuse #1: ‘It Was Secondhand Marijuana Smoke’

When defendants test positive for THC they will sometimes tell the Judge that it was merely secondhand smoke. The Wikipedia page on drug tests (which has a wealth of other relevant information) states that “[t]his legend is technically true but highly misleading.” In order for a test to be positive from secondhand smoke one would have to be in a small unventilated space for hours with marijuana smokers. Based on this, it seems that somebody who is by marijuana smoke for a short amount of time would not have THC levels to yield a positive test. The possibility of a positive test aside, Judges hear this excuse all of the time and know it is just that. Dishonesty will always put you in a worse position than where you started.

Excuse #2: ‘The Cocaine Seeped Through My Skin’

Though a somewhat more isolated excuse, this still comes up time and time again. Karch’s Pathology of Drug Abuse indicates that a positive drug test from this type of exposure is unlikely unless dealing with a large quantity of cocaine. No surprise that Judges do not buy into this explanation. Beyond the fact that it most likely isn’t true, there isn’t a solid legal reason to be handling a large quantity of cocaine. As advised above, this is a defense that will get you nowhere and if anything will set you back should you use it before a Judge.

Excuse #3: ‘I Was Drinking Cough Syrup’

Perhaps the most common of all of the excuses, when defendants test positive for alcohol they often say that it is from drinking cough syrup. I couldn’t figure out the exact amount, but alcohol is listed as an inactive ingredient in Nyquil. Some sources stated as low as 10% and some as high as 25%. Nyquil can cause a positive alcohol test. However, it would seem that one would need to drink a large quantity to have a positive BAC or drink cough syrup immediately before blowing. MOST OF THE TIME, this excuse does not hold up. Oftentimes Judges see through this smoke screen and view the defendant as being dishonest and uncooperative. Further, a term of probation is typically no consumption of alcohol, because there is alcohol in some cough syrup this is a straightforward violation. HOWEVER, in some instances (specifically in license appeals at the DLAD) we have been successful in bringing this defense where there is corroborating evidence and/or a doctor’s note.
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bus.jpgAlmost every week a very familiar scenario plays out in our office. A client will come in, sit down for a consultation, and discuss with us the facts of his or her license revocation history. Many times it will be the instinct of one of our Firm’s attorneys that the client had a winnable case. However, the catch is that they didn’t win, and in many instances have created a mess for themselves that will take years, literally years, to unravel. Why didn’t this client win?

Oftentimes it is because they appealed their license revocation unrepresented, assuming that it was a simple and straightforward procedure. Further, it is often assumed that the hearing officers will summarily rubber stamp petitioners with a license after they wait their year. This is very much not the case. License appeals are substantively and administratively complex, and oftentimes become unmanageable for people who do not retain the assistance of an attorney. The stakes are high, losing an appeal typically results in an additional year revocation. Moreover, any inconsistencies stated in an initial hearing will come back to haunt the petitioner in future hearings. Losing a DLAD appeal means that the petitioner will have to continue asking friends and family for rides, or risk breaking the law and driving without a license. Beneath are some common mistakes that petitioners make when appealing their revocations without the assistance of counsel.

Procedural Mistakes

The DLAD has strict procedural guidelines for filing these appeals. Often unrepresented petitioners will miss deadlines, file the wrong documents, or fill out documents/background letters incorrectly. When you have a case with strong facts (IE over one year of demonstrated sobriety) it is a waste to wait an additional year because of a procedural mistake.

Substantive Mistakes

Without counsel, petitioners will often make substantive mistakes. Most commonly, petitioners who have not met the one year of mandatory sobriety will disclose that they have consumed alcohol in the last 12 months. We always counsel clients to wait that year, and will assist them in finding programs and counselors to assist them with their sobriety. Further, unrepresented petitioners tend to get nervous, and put inconsistencies on the record because they buckle under the pressure. A first hearing is intimidating, and that pressure can often cause a petitioner to lose his or her cool, become mentally unorganized, and forget vital dates – thus making a winnable case a loser.

Our Program for Getting You Back On the Road

Our law firm has a comprehensive program for getting petitioners back on the road. From our initial consultation we look at all the facts and organize them to avoid both procedural and substantive mistakes. Our firm has appeared on hundreds of license appeals and has a streamlined process for gathering and filing the documents, thus eliminating confusion on behalf of the client. Further, in our representation we include a mock hearing where you and one of the Abdo Law attorneys will go through the questions that will be asked at the hearing. The goal is to reduce anxiety and eliminate as much as possible the element of surprise in the hearing room.
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If a revoked driver (habitual violator of Michigan drunk driving laws) meets the burden of proof by clear and convincing evidence and wins at the first Driver’s License Appeal Division (DLAD) hearing, he or she will be allowed to drive a vehicle subject to restrictions and with an ignition interlock device. The driver will be able to drive on a restricted basis during certain designated hours or for a designated purpose, such as employment and/or education. In addition, the ignition interlock device must be installed for a minimum period of 1 year on the vehicle which is operated by the person. The ignition interlock is an alcohol monitoring device which requires breath samples of a person while one is operating a vehicle. The purpose of the ignition interlock device is to measure the bodily alcohol content (BAC) of an intended driver and to prevent the motor vehicle from being started if alcohol is detected.

If a revoked driver loses at the DLAD hearing, he or she will have 2 options: wait until he or she is eligible for another hearing before the DLAD (which is usually 1 year) or appeal the decision by the DLAD to the circuit court. Neither option is as satisfying as winning, yet there is hope that the person will improve his or her case for the next hearing and get back on the road.

If the party feels that the decision by the DLAD was erroneous, he or she may file an appeal in the circuit court in the county where the person resides. The circuit court judge cannot hear any new evidence and is required to limit the appeal based upon the transcript and evidence submitted at the DLAD hearing. A circuit court appeal can occur no sooner than 60 days after the DLAD hearing because a copy of the transcript must be ordered and provided to the circuit court judge. The DLAD is represented at the circuit court appeal by a representative from the Michigan Attorney General’s Office. A circuit court judge can overturn the decision by the hearing officer if it is: not supported by competent, material and substantial evidence on the whole record, and/or, arbitrary, capricious or clearly an abuse or unwarranted exercise of discretion. In addition, a circuit court judge may deny your appeal or remand your case to the DLAD for an earlier hearing.
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The final step in the Michigan driver license restoration process is the appearance at the hearing with your lawyer. The revoked party will be required to provide sworn testimony before the hearing officer. We like to meet with our clients at least 15 minutes prior to the hearing to review pertinent questions and become comfortable with the surroundings.

The hearings are held in many locations throughout the State of Michigan. Our firm regularly appears at the DLAD hearing locations in Clinton Township, Livonia and Port Huron. The hearings held at the Livonia DLAD are “live” hearings while the hearings in Port Huron are closed circuit video conference hearings. A party can present additional documentation-evidence on the day of the hearing at the Livonia location but not at the Port Huron location. All evidence must be submitted before the hearing at a location which employs video conferencing.

A hearing will be held in a small office with your attorney and a hearing officer in attendance. The hearing officer is an attorney who works for the Michigan Secretary of State. For all purposes, the hearing officer is the judge and jury. It is our job to present all of the evidence and testimony in an organized and persuasive manner. In addition, a closing argument to sum up the evidence and testimony presented at the hearing is often made after all of the proofs are presented. The hearing officer cannot award a restricted license to someone unless the burden of proof is satisfied by clear and convincing evidence.
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ATTORNEY – CLIENT CONSULTATION, CASE PLANNING:
When we meet with someone for the first time to discuss a new license restoration case, we take our time to review their substance abuse history, driving record, counseling history, lifestyle changes and plan for continued sobriety. Each person has distinctive circumstances and we handle driver license restorations on a case by case basis. Given that each driver license restoration case is one-of-a-kind, we may decline to represent a client who does not have a sufficient period of sobriety or advise the person to make specific improvements before we will go forward. If necessary, we may advise our clients to become involved in a relapse prevention program, attend AA or counseling for a few months before he or she obtains a substance abuse evaluation and other documentation.

After being retained for persons that we feel will meet the burden of proof, we will advise our client to get a substance abuse evaluation, drug test, character letters and other important documentation. In addition, we provide our clients with a template for the required character letters and recommend local licensed counselors who are best suited to provide the required substance abuse evaluation.

SCHEDULING A DLAD HEARING:
Our job is to provide the documentation to the Driver License Appeal Division which will be used as evidence in the case and prepare our clients for the actual hearing stage of the case. In my opinion, the documents which are strategically selected provide an organized foundation for the hearing that will follow. When we receive all of the requested documentation/evidence, we will request a hearing. It usually takes 30 to 60 days for our clients to gather all of the required documentation.

The hearing date is scheduled by the DLAD from 4 to 6 weeks after it is requested. A notice of the hearing date will be provided by mail to the petitioner and attorney.
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yamunaexpressway[1].jpgOur attorneys place a great deal of emphasis on the planning and preparation stage of a Michigan driver’s license restoration case. We prepare a driver’s license restoration case based upon several factors including one’s substance abuse history, diagnosis and prognosis. A large part of planning is organizing the evidence and prioritizing documents which will be submitted to the Driver’s License Appeal Division (DLAD). The evidence which is utilized will vary depending on whether a person is diagnosed as an alcoholic/dependent or an abusive drinker. It is important that a person understand that all evidence submitted for the purpose of a DLAD hearing, including all testimony, will be retained and recorded by the DLAD, and may be used in future hearings.

We are often able to find past documentation that may seem useless such as random alcohol/drug testing results, prior substance abuse evaluations or verification of counseling. On the other side, inappropriate documents or letters which are submitted to the DLAD can cast doubt on the case and devastate any chance of a license restoration for several years. Initially, our firm will ask for certain documentation to prepare for a DLAD hearing, including the following:

1. MASTER DRIVING RECORD: We need to obtain the lifetime history of drinking and driving cases along with all prior substance abuse offenses of the person seeking a license restoration. Therefore, obtain a master driving record from a Michigan Secretary of State office along with any other documentation pertaining to past criminal convictions which involve alcohol or drug crimes before you meet with an attorney. The DLAD will question a revoked person about all prior substance abuse convictions, including non-driving offenses such as minor in possession of alcohol (MIP) or possession of marijuana.

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This is part 1 of a 5 part series which is dedicated to the topic of driver’s license restoration cases in Michigan. In this extensive series, I provide insight as to how our attorneys build a strong foundation of positive evidence which will moderate or diminish the bad choices that resulted in a license revocation. In Part 2, I explain some preliminary matters and documents which are necessary in a driver’s license restoration case. In Part 3, I discuss the stage where we will organize documents, schedule the hearing and review pertinent questions which will be asked at the hearing. In Part 4, the hearing stage of a Michigan driver’s license restoration case is examined. In Part 5, I discuss the possible decisions by the hearing officer and the appeal option to circuit court for a person who loses a Driver License Appeal Division (DLAD) hearing. Our Macomb County lawyers are able to provide this information after many years of representing clients before the DLAD who have a license revocation due to multiple drinking and driving convictions.

The process to restore a license in Michigan is complicated. Most of our clients have waited several years before taking the first step in the Michigan driver license restoration process. In addition, we know that they have paid thousands of dollars to the courts, attorneys, substance abuse counselors and to the State of Michigan. Many others avoid the appeal process altogether because of misconceptions, financial problems or other obstacles. All too often we meet clients who are eligible for a Michigan license restoration but they continue to drive illegally resulting in extended periods of revocation. This is why a person who is eligible for a hearing before the DLAD should consult with a qualified lawyer to discuss his or her rights. Often, our firm will take on proactive clients several months before the eligible hearing date. We use this time to provide a client with relevant advice, planning and a strategy so that we are well prepared when the minimum revocation period expires.
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In Michigan, there are many circumstances which can result in revocation of driver’s license. A person’s license is subject to mandatory revocation for obtaining 2 drinking and driving convictions within 7 years or 3 drinking and driving convictions within 10 years. A person who is revoked for drinking and driving is known as a habitual offender of Michigan drinking and driving laws. The driver license restoration process is complex and lawyers with experience before the Michigan Driver Appeal and Assessment Division (DAAD) can greatly increase a revoked person’s chances of getting his or her Michigan driver’s license restored.

A first time revocation is for a minimum period of 1 year and a second lifetime revocation is for a minimum period of 5 years. A person whose license is revoked may not operate a vehicle indefinitely until the person is granted driving privileges before the Michigan Driver Appeal and Assessment Division (DAAD) of the Michigan Secretary of State.

Upon eligibility and after waiting the minimum revocation period, a revoked party may begin the process of license restoration. The revoked party, called the petitioner, must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the alcohol or substance abuse problems are under control and likely to remain under control. If a person fails to meet this high standard of proof, the revocation is affirmed and another hearing is allowed after one (1) year. Many times, I have seen documentation which is submitted to the DAAD that actually harms a client’s case and results in a continuation of the revocation. Our Michigan license restoration attorneys have obtained driving privileges for parties with 5 or more drinking and driving cases because we know the process, review the questions and make sure that all documentation submitted to the DAAD will bolster our client’s case.

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